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Hands raised during a Canadian citizenship oath ceremony

The Canadian citizenship rule most queer families don’t know exists

Canada's citizenship law has changed to recognize non-biological parents, allowing them to pass on citizenship to their children. This means queer families with non-biological parents may be eligible for citizenship by descent. The new rule took effect immediately, and affected applicants should check their eligibility as soon as possible. For more information, applicants can visit the Canadian government's website.

According to a recent announcement by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), this change is a result of updates to Canada's citizenship law, which now considers who was a parent at birth, rather than biology. Non-biological parents, such as those who have used assisted reproduction or have a child through a surrogacy arrangement, may be eligible to pass on citizenship to their children. As reported by CIC News, this change is significant for queer families, who may have previously been unsure about their eligibility for citizenship.

what changed

The new rule affects how citizenship is passed down. Previously, biology played a significant role in determining citizenship. Now, the law looks at who was a parent at birth, making it possible for non-biological parents to pass on citizenship. This change is a significant development for queer families, who may have previously faced uncertainty about their eligibility for citizenship.

who is affected

Queer families with non-biological parents are most affected by this change. If one or both parents are not biological parents but are recognized as legal parents at birth, they may be eligible for citizenship by descent. For example, a non-biological mother who has a child through assisted reproduction may be eligible to pass on citizenship to her child. Applicants can check their eligibility for citizenship by descent on the IRCC website.

To apply for citizenship by descent, applicants need to follow a series of steps. First, they should determine their eligibility by visiting the IRCC website. Then, they need to gather the required documentation, such as a birth certificate and proof of parentage. After that, they can submit their application online or by mail, along with the required documentation and fees. Finally, they will need to wait for IRCC to process their application, which may involve additional requests for documentation or information.

applying for citizenship

The Canadian citizenship application process can be complex. Applicants should ensure they have all the required documentation before submitting their application. This includes meeting certain requirements, such as being at least 18 years old, having permanent resident status, and meeting the language and knowledge requirements. For more information on the application process and requirements, applicants can visit the IRCC website or consult with a Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant (RCIC).

Applicants will also need to take a citizenship test to demonstrate their knowledge of Canada and its values. The test is part of the application process, and applicants can find more information about it on the IRCC website. Additionally, applicants can apply for a citizenship certificate, which is a document that proves an individual's Canadian citizenship, through the IRCC website.

The processing time for Canadian citizenship applications can vary. It depends on the complexity of the application and the workload of the IRCC office. Applicants can find more information on processing times on the IRCC website. It's also important to note that the IRCC website is the best source of information for applicants, as it provides the most up-to-date and accurate information on the application process and requirements.

Official current rules are at canada.ca/immigration; this guide is independent reference content.

A small portion of this article — research support, fact-cross-checking, and copy-editing — was assisted by AI tooling. Editorial decisions, source verification, and final sign-off remain with our team. We cite primary sources from canada.ca for every factual claim.

Last reviewed: June 25, 2026

IRCC.com is an independent news site and not affiliated with the Government of Canada.

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